From Stars and Stripes to Rising Sun: A Study of Patent Laws in the United States and Japan :: Patent Laws Japan USA Essays

From Stars and Stripes to Rising Sun A Study of Patent Laws in the United States and JapanIntroduction at that place is no question that the United States and Japan are technological leaders of the world. They are two of the nations with the highest annual number of intellectual property patents granted.1 Both nations turn out achieved such great successes in the world of intellectual property as a result of a variety of reasons. Among these reasons is the encouragement of innovation and invention with pecuniary benefits in return. Both the United States and Japan have well-defined, stringent patent laws for intellectual property. These laws encourage competition among fundamental laws and individual inventors to create new innovations, rather than to redundantly bring forth products that have already been invented by others. While some critics argue that such laws are unfair and cause monopolies in societies that enforce them, this paper will reference work how intellectual pr operty laws actually benefit societies and how their enforcement is necessary for societies to adhere to a strong ethical code. In order to understand intellectual property laws, it is commencement important to have an understanding of the term intellectual property. As defined by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), intellectual property refers to creations of the head inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, and images used in commerce.2 Software is an example of intellectual property. When you buy software, you buy the tangible dish that the program comes on, but the disk is not what is of value in your purchase. You also buy the rights to use the program contained on the disk, and that software is the intellectual property that you pay for. In most western nations, an invention of intellectual property is patentable. Patents are granted in order to protect the rights of the inventor for some period of time after the initial stretch out of the invention. The justifications for enforcing patent laws include the advancement of technology, the increase in economic growth, and the improvement of the quality of life.3 These are compelling reasons for nations to have clearly defined patent laws on intellectual property, and they are some of the reasons that the United States and Japan have similar patent laws. In addition to patent laws within individual nations, WIPO is an international organization that oversees international patents. Individual nations can voluntarily join WIPO, whose current membership is 179 nations.

Alexander Calder Essay -- essays research papers

Alexander Calder was peerless of the most innovative and original American artists of the twentieth century. In 1926, Calder arrived in Paris and devoted himself to a project called the fair that occupied him for over quin years. This contains characters and animals made out of wire, scraps of cloth, wood, cork, labels, bits of scrap metal and pieces of rubber. Calder transported his little theater in suitcases and performed it for his friends. During his performances, Calder invented ways to simulate the flight of birds These are little bits of white paper, with a hole and slight weight on each one, which flutter down several variously coiled thin blade wires which I jiggle so that they flutter down like doves (Alexander Calder, An Autobiography with Pictures New York Pantheon, 1966, p.92) The Circus is the laboratory of Calders work in it he experimented with new formulas and techniques. "By 1930," sculptor historian Wayne fearful has written, Calders "Circus had become one of the real successes of the art world of Montparnasse, as well as among the Paris intellectuals. jean Cocteau, Fernand Leger, Joan Miro, Piet Mondrian, Jean Arp... and others were captivated by it, whereas none of them paid much attention to Calders wood carvings. Such encouragement undoubtedly led him to try more serious experiments in wire sculptures." During this same menses he developed wire figures such as Josephine Baker, The Negress, and the Portrait of Edgar Varese, w... Alexander Calder Essay -- essays research papers Alexander Calder was one of the most innovative and original American artists of the twentieth century. In 1926, Calder arrived in Paris and devoted himself to a project called the Circus that occupied him for over five years. This contains characters and animals made out of wire, scraps of cloth, wood, cork, labels, bits of scrap metal and pieces of rubber. Calder transported his little theater in suitcases and performed it f or his friends. During his performances, Calder invented ways to simulate the flight of birds These are little bits of white paper, with a hole and slight weight on each one, which flutter down several variously coiled thin steel wires which I jiggle so that they flutter down like doves (Alexander Calder, An Autobiography with Pictures New York Pantheon, 1966, p.92) The Circus is the laboratory of Calders work in it he experimented with new formulas and techniques. "By 1930," sculptor historian Wayne Craven has written, Calders "Circus had become one of the real successes of the art world of Montparnasse, as well as among the Paris intellectuals. Jean Cocteau, Fernand Leger, Joan Miro, Piet Mondrian, Jean Arp... and others were captivated by it, whereas none of them paid much attention to Calders wood carvings. Such encouragement undoubtedly led him to try more serious experiments in wire sculptures." During this same period he developed wire figures such as Josephin e Baker, The Negress, and the Portrait of Edgar Varese, w...

Biology Coursework: The effect of Trypsin on Gelatine. :: essays research papers

Implementing -1.First, I gathered the necessary equipmentThermostatically controlled water bathsIceThermometerStop watchTest tubesphotographic moving picture (b/w)SyringeTest tube rackRulerScissorsO.1% trypsin made in pH7 buffer solutionMounted needle2.I hence decided on the range of results and temperatures I was to investigate. I decided to observe 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80.3.Next, I label each test tube with the temperature to be investigated and then added 2.5cm3 of Trypsin solution. 4.I ensured that I cut the necessary pieces of film using a ruler and a pair of scissors. I cut pieces that were 2cm in length, and 1.6cm in width each.5.The only water baths of my choice that were running were at 30 and 60. I thence had to use the Bunsen burner etc. for the rest of the temperatures (excluding 20). I kept each test tube heated for 5 minutes.6.I added the photographic film pieces just before I placed the test tubes in the water baths/ Bunsen burners, and ensured that they subm erged fully before I began timing.7.I carefully and oft examined each test tube for the time that the film became transparent and listed the resultResults -Temperature (C)20304050607080 clock time taken (minutes)233816376066407538241015 eon taken (seconds)1418997366400473504615Rate of Reaction -(1/time in mins) 4.d.p0.04260.06060.16670.15380.12500.11760.0976It is evident from the graph and the table above, that as the temperature is increased, the amount of light passing through the tried solutions is decreased, and therefore the amount of hue released from the beetroot samples is increased.The results produce a graph with negative correlation, a curve that has a negative gradient. The graph shows that as the temperature is increased, the colorimeter reading is decreased. The structure of my results proves my theory correct. The increase in temperature breaks bonds in the (mainly intrinsic) proteins in the cell tissue layers of the beetroot cells. The tonoplastis a membrane that holds the pigment, when this is affected, the pigment escapes and is released into the cytoplasm. When the outer cell membrane is denatured, the pigment is transferred into the solution. The tonoplastis a membrane that holds the pigment, when this is affected, the pigment escapes and is released into the cytoplasm. When the outer cell membrane is denatured, the pigment is transferred into the solution. The tonoplastis a membrane that holds the pigment, when this is affected, the pigment escapes and is released into the cytoplasm. When the outer cell membrane is denatured, the pigment is transferred into the solution.The diagram above supports my theory.

Analysis of Robert Frosts Desert Places Essay -- Robert Frost Desert

Analysis of Robert Frosts Desert PlacesRobert Frosts Desert Places is a testament to the harrowing nature of solidarity. By subjecting the storyteller to the nett moments of daylight on a snowy evening, an understanding about the nature of empty spaces and emptiness becomes guratively illuminated. The poems loneliness has the ability to transcend nature and drill a hole through the mind of the narrator so that all hope for relationships with man and nature ar abandoned. In the first stanza, ?snow? and ?night? are juxtaposed to create a sense of loneliness and emptiness. Meaning is derived from the effects they have on their surroundings and on the narrator. Here, snow has the qualities of an arid and formless blanched sheet. Anything it covers immediately loses shape and form. Snow blankets the ground to hide what is there, leavingnothing but a blank slate where more vigorous objects have been seen before. wickedness parallels the snow in that it obscures vision a nd generates an absence of light. These two stark agents of oblivion occupy their surroundings to create the effect of emptiness. The effect of speed upon the nature of the snow and night startles the narrator in the first line ?Snow falling and night falling fast, oh, fast? (1). They both fall with such rapidity that the narrator almost misses the effects of the pair on the field he ?looked into going past? (2). The envelopment of the narrator?s surroundings becomes a jarring experience, as he/she only has a few moments to observe what is happening. The narrator is able to observe only the ?few weeds and stubble showing last,? (4) as the duncish blanket created by the ominous pair becomes apparen... ...nkind is doomed by his/her own thought. The ability of nature to obstruct vision mirrors mans? ability todisplace meaning. Man dismiss eliminate nature, god, or fellow man using this method, though this will leave us to be as lonely and meaningless as the blank spaces that surround the void of infinity. The poem calls into question mans? ability to create meaning from his/her surroundings. Is mankind really so desolate and lonely? ?Desert Places? shows us that loneliness dominates in the absence of light. A frightening statement about the bottomless pit of loneliness is found within the repetition, absence of description, and domineering nature of internalized discouragement in Robert Frost?s ?Desert Places.? Works CitedFrost, Robert. The Poetry of Robert Frost, ed Edward Connery Lathem.New York Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1969.

Dying with Religion :: essays research papers

A RivDying With ReligionWars occur for many reasons. There may be one chief(prenominal) reason or a few specific reasons as to why warfare was declared in the first place. One affaire that never changes in war is the fact that there pass on always be two sides urgeing against each other for what they turn over in. Death is too acquainted with war and spends in war tend to think more or less life and finis every moment they are able to. During the time in which a soldier thinks he is going to die he may beg to God or any other that he prays to and he will ask for kindness and to be saved. Atheists do not believe in God or in having any morality whatsoever. So how would an atheist play off if he did not believe in a religious figure that might possibly give him the chance to survive. There are no atheists in the foxholes does make sand yet not every war being fought is a religious war, so level(p) though religion does play a big fibre there essential be atheists in th e foxholes.Death. Death is what many fear most and at times when a person is airless death they involuntarily pray in beau monde to try to save themselves at the last possible moment. After the moment passes the soldier doesnt even think double about it. Even though it does front that they werent sincere the soldiers really are. In what seems the last moments of a soldiers life when he does pray he must be sincere. He must show his belief in God or another to save him from hell or death in order to create some sort of hope. If the prayer wasnt sincere then the soldier wouldnt expect God to reach big money and pluck him from danger. Atheists fight wars but not over religion. At some point in war religion comes up but does that mean since atheists put one acrosst believe in heaven or hell do they still fight or do they just hide. Not having a religion could even be more of an incentive to fight and give it everything, because they have no reason to be afraid of hell or worry abou t the judgment of God. Atheists seem to be most of the people in the foxholes. Now if a highly religious person went to war they would have a difficulty killing people.Dying with Religion essays research papers A RivDying With ReligionWars occur for many reasons. There may be one main reason or a few specific reasons as to why war was declared in the first place. One thing that never changes in war is the fact that there will always be two sides fighting against each other for what they believe in. Death is also acquainted with war and soldiers in war tend to think about life and death every moment they are able to. During the time in which a soldier thinks he is going to die he may pray to God or any other that he prays to and he will ask for forgiveness and to be saved. Atheists do not believe in God or in having any religion whatsoever. So how would an atheist react if he did not believe in a religious figure that might possibly give him the chance to survive. There are no at heists in the foxholes does make sense yet not every war being fought is a religious war, so even though religion does play a big part there must be atheists in the foxholes.Death. Death is what many fear most and at times when a person is near death they involuntarily pray in order to try to save themselves at the last possible moment. After the moment passes the soldier doesnt even think twice about it. Even though it does seem that they werent sincere the soldiers really are. In what seems the last moments of a soldiers life when he does pray he must be sincere. He must show his belief in God or another to save him from hell or death in order to create some sort of hope. If the prayer wasnt sincere then the soldier wouldnt expect God to reach down and pluck him from danger. Atheists fight wars but not over religion. At some point in war religion comes up but does that mean since atheists dont believe in heaven or hell do they still fight or do they just hide. Not having a religio n could even be more of an incentive to fight and give it everything, because they have no reason to be afraid of hell or worry about the judgment of God. Atheists seem to be most of the people in the foxholes. Now if a highly religious person went to war they would have a problem killing people.

Colloid Cysts, Physical and Personal Impacts on Patient and Spouse :: Medical Medicine Papers

Colloid Cysts, Physical and Personal Impacts on Patient and SpouseIntroductionThe persevering is a 45 year old male who was in a car accident that involved alcohol on July 29, 2004. I conduct known the tolerant of for three years and will be referring to aspects of the patient that I know to be true, but am unable to cite all details due to learning them via the dynamics of the relationship. The patient and the patients spouse have requested complete anonymity for the purpose of this paper. The car accident resulted in a series of injuries for the patient which were a fractured pelvis, a lacerated bladder, internal electric organ bruising, a moderate concussion, and sciatic nerve palsy (nerve damage). The moderate concussion was determined by a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan which also showed the colloid vesicle. The patient believes he was made aware of the cyst however his memories are not absolute and the spouse was not made aware at the same sentence. The cyst was mentioned (again) at the end of September and the brain surgery happened on February 13, 2005, six and a half months later. This series of interviews has occurred during the two months after the surgery. (Patient, Patient Spouse, personal communication, April, 27, 2005)SymptomsThe patient was suffering from intense dizzy spells for a year prior to the car accident. The patient is a licensed chiropractor and as he put it, Doctors make the cudgel patients, so he rationalized the dizziness and never expressed a need or desire to medically investigate it. The patient had not been experiencing the most park symptom, a headache. (Patient, Patient Spouse, personal communication, April 28, 2005) In the literature about colloid cysts there is a high prevalence of symptomatic headaches in the patients, often it is the headaches the patients are difficult to resolve when the colloid cyst is discovered. (www.healthcentral.com/encyclopedia)The car accident fractured the patients pelvis so the treating physicians rebuilt his pelvis and began physical therapy before they scheduled the colloid cyst surgery. It was at this time the patients spouse learned about the cyst it had been two months since its discovery. After becoming aware of the cyst, the patient presented with mild headaches. (Patient Spouse, personal communication, April 28, 2005)SurgeryThe surgery occurred six and a half months after the CAT scan.

Introduction To Financial Management

Define the terms pay and financial management, and identify the major submarine- atomic number 18as of pay. Finance is the exact of applying specific order to things individuals own to include services used and decisions determined Finance by Cornett, M. M., Adair, T. A., & Nofsinger J. (2014). M Finance (2nd ed.). In simple words, pay is how a good deal value is attributable to goods and services and the basis of such attribution. Financial management may be defined as the management of the finances of a traffic or an organization in order to achieve the financial objectives. It includes creation, effective utilization of funds to ensure the smooth functioning of the business. It encompasses planning, administration and controlling. The versatile sub atomic number 18as of finance argon1.Investments deals with deciding on what kinds of securities/bonds the teleph unrivaledr can buy.2.Financial management management of finances to ensure that the financial objectives a re reached 3.Financial institutions and markets these two sub areas facilitate the face lifting of keen funds by the company.What are the three basic tropes of business ownership? What are the advantages and disadvantages to each (Cornett, Adair, &Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21)? The three basic forms of business ownership are sole proprietorship, confederacy and deal. A sole proprietorship is where the business is run by a single person. The advantages of this form of ownership are as follows This is the easiest form of business to startThis is affected least by regulations There is no scruple of get by of cabbage. The owner gets to retain the full share The profits are taxed only once as business income. The disadvantages of this form of ownership is as followsThe breeding of the company is restrain to the life of the owner. There leave be no continuity once the owner dies. The capital invested in the business is extra to the resources available with the owner. The scope of r aising external finance is limited The owner under realises the whole risk of the businessThe liability of the owner is unlimited and may extend to his personal assets also A partnership is that form of business ownership where more than than one person work together based on an agreement to share the profits and losses.The advantages are as follows More than one owner is thither in business and hence the risk is shared Each partner will contribute capital and hence more capital will be available This is also relatively easier to start compared to a corporation The income from this type of ownership is taxed once as personal income The disadvantages of a partnership is as followsThe profits are shared between the partners. Hence, when compared to a sole proprietorship there is lesser profits Generally, the liability of the partners is unlimited (except in the sheath of a limited liability) It is difficult to transfer ownershipA corporation is a separate legal entity whose trans actions and conduct of the business is separate from its owners. Corporations can borrow money, carry through and be sued in its own name. The advantages of a corporation are as follows The liability is limited to the amount paid on stock by the investor The corporation has an unlimited lifeThere is separation of ownership and management as the corporation is a separate legal entity Transfer of ownership is easy As a corporation, it is easier to mug up capital from fair-mindedness and debt marketThe disadvantages areThe office staff problem arises as there is separation of management and ownership There is replicate taxation the business income is taxed in the hands of the corporate and the dividends is taxed in the hands of the stockholders as dividend incomeDefine the terms agency relationship and agency problem, and list the three approaches to slander the difference of opinion of interest resulting from the agency problem. An agency relationship is where a principal hire s another person (called an agent) to carry appear the work of the principal in a fiduciary capacity. In miscue of a corporation, the board of directors who constitutethe top management are the agents elected by the principals (stockholders) to carry on the business. An agency problem is where there is a conflict between the agent and principal in terms of functioning and in terms of interest. There are many ways to diminish the conflict of interest. and the three most substantial are as follows1.Ignore the challenge on handThis is the least preferred way of resolving the problem. The stakeholders may resolve to curve the problem on hand. The disadvantage is that the problem continues to remain a problem and is never solved. In this case, the problem may go out of control. 2.Monitor directors actionThe shareholders may monitor the managements action closely to ensure that the situation is not going out of control. 3.Make managers take ownershipBy giving the managers a portion in the capital of the company in the form of say ESOP, the manager will also contribute a virtuous responsibility imposed on him to make decisions and act in the best interests of the company.Why is ethical behavior so important in the field of finance (Cornett, Adair, &Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21)? A corporation is a type of ownership where the management is separated from the ownership. The shareholders are the owners who have invested their money in the form of equity capital. It is the managements responsibility to spend the money judiciously. Since the management is handling other peoples money, ethical behavior plays a very important role in the field of finance. Some of the many famous financial scandals are (accounting-degree, 2013) Waste management scandal This is a Houston based company which inform $1.7 billion jook earnings.Enron This was a Houston based commodities, energy and service corporation where the shareholders lost $74 billion dollars. Worldcom scandal A teleco mmunications company inflated the assets by as much as $11 billion. Tyco New Jersey based swiss security company where the CEO and CFO stole $150 cardinal and inflated company income by $500 million Satyam scandal Indian IT services company falsely boosted revenue by $1.5 billion Does the goal of shareholder wealthiness maximization conflict with behaving ethically? Explain (Cornett, Adair, &Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21). The most important goal of management is to ensure that there is maximization of shareholderswealth. This marrow that over a long period of time, the value of the stock has to increase steadily so as to ensure maximum profits to the shareholders. However, there is endlessly a question on whether the maximization goal conflicts with ethics.While the goal of wealth maximization is very important, it should not be done in an wrong way. The affairs of the company has to be conducted in such a way that it adheres to all government regulations, accounting principles and ethical standards. Examples of unethical ways to increase the wealth is window dressing, violating regulations, etc. whole these cannot be cited as an excuse to ensure that the goal of maximization is reached.Introduction To Financial ManagementDefine the terms finance and financial management, and identify the major sub-areas of finance. Finance is the study of applying specific value to things individuals own to include services used and decisions determined Finance by Cornett, M. M., Adair, T. A., & Nofsinger J. (2014). M Finance (2nd ed.). In simple words, finance is how much value is attributable to goods and services and the basis of such attribution. Financial management may be defined as the management of the finances of a business or an organization in order to achieve the financial objectives. It includes creation, effective utilization of funds to ensure the smooth functioning of the business. It encompasses planning, administration and controlling. The various sub areas of finance are1.Investments deals with deciding on what kinds of securities/bonds the company can buy. 2.Financial management management of finances to ensure that the financial objectives are reached 3.Financial institutions and markets these two sub areas facilitate the raising of capital funds by the company.What are the three basic forms of business ownership? What are the advantages and disadvantages to each (Cornett, Adair, &Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21)? The three basic forms of business ownership are sole proprietorship, partnership and corporation. A sole proprietorship is where the business is run by a single person. The advantages of this form of ownership are as followsThis is the easiest form of business to start This is affected least by regulations There is no question of share of profits. The owner gets to retain the full share The profits are taxed only once as business income. The disadvantages of this form of ownership is as follows The life of the company is limite d to the life of the owner. There will be no continuity once the owner dies. The capital invested in the business is limited to the resources available with the owner. The scope of raising external finance is limited The owner undertakes the entire risk of the businessThe liability of the owner is unlimited and may extend to his personal assets also A partnership is that form of business ownership where more than one person work together based on an agreement to share the profits and losses. The advantages are as follows More than one owner is there in business and hence the risk is shared Each partner will contribute capital and hence more capital will be available This is also relatively easier to start compared to a corporation The income from this type of ownership is taxed once as personal income The disadvantages of a partnership is as followsThe profits are shared between the partners. Hence, when compared to a sole proprietorship there is lesser profits Generally, the liabil ity of the partners is unlimited (except in the case of a limited liability) It is difficult to transfer ownershipA corporation is a separate legal entity whose transactions and conduct of the business is separate from its owners. Corporations can borrow money, sue and be sued in its own name. The advantages of a corporation are as follows The liability is limited to the amount paid on stock by the investor The corporation has an unlimited lifeThere is separation of ownership and management as the corporation is a separate legal entity Transfer of ownership is easy As a corporation, it is easier to raise capital from equity and debt market The disadvantages are The agency problem arises as there is separation of management and ownership There is double taxation the business income is taxed in the hands of the corporate and the dividends is taxed in the hands of the shareholders as dividend incomeDefine the terms agency relationship and agency problem, and list the three approaches to minimize the conflict of interest resulting from the agency problem. An agency relationship is where a principal hires another person (called an agent) to carry out the work of the principal in a fiduciary capacity.In case of a corporation, the board of directors who constitutethe top management are the agents elected by the principals (stockholders) to carry on the business. An agency problem is where there is a conflict between the agent and principal in terms of functioning and in terms of interest. There are many ways to minimize the conflict of interest. However the three most important are as follows 1.Ignore the challenge on handThis is the least preferred way of resolving the problem. The stakeholders may resolve to ignore the problem on hand. The disadvantage is that the problem continues to remain a problem and is never solved. In this case, the problem may go out of control. 2.Monitor managers actionThe shareholders may monitor the managements action closely to ensure that the situation is not going out of control. 3.Make managers take ownershipBy giving the managers a portion in the capital of the company in the form of say ESOP, the manager will also have a moral responsibility imposed on him to make decisions and act in the best interests of the company.Why is ethical behavior so important in the field of finance (Cornett, Adair, &Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21)? A corporation is a type of ownership where the management is separated from the ownership. The shareholders are the owners who have invested their money in the form of equity capital. It is the managements responsibility to spend the money judiciously. Since the management is handling other peoples money, ethical behavior plays a very important role in the field of finance. Some of the many famous financial scandals are (accounting-degree, 2013) Waste management scandalThis is a Houston based company which reported $1.7 billion fake earnings. Enron This was a Houston based commodities, energ y and service corporation where the shareholders lost $74 billion dollars. Worldcom scandal A telecommunications company inflated the assets by as much as $11 billion. Tyco New Jersey based swiss security company where the CEO and CFO stole $150 million and inflated company income by $500 million Satyam scandal Indian IT services company falsely boosted revenue by $1.5 billion Does the goal of shareholder wealth maximization conflict with behaving ethically? Explain (Cornett, Adair, &Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21). The most important goal of management is to ensure that there is maximization of shareholderswealth.This means that over a long period of time, the value of the stock has to increase steadily so as to ensure maximum profits to the shareholders. However, there is always a question on whether the maximization goal conflicts with ethics. While the goal of wealth maximization is very important, it should not be done in an unethical way. The affairs of the company has to be conducted in such a way that it adheres to all government regulations, accounting principles and ethical standards. Examples of unethical ways to increase the wealth is window dressing, violating regulations, etc. All these cannot be cited as an excuse to ensure that the goal of maximization is reached.

Indian or Singaporean English Essay

Indeed, linguistic process has been unmatchable of the most fundamental elements of stopping point. As such, culture and floor brings closely a language. However, in todays society, side is slowly becoming a global language. This is to say, many people are learning English as their second language and beca habit of this, dialects are starting to form out of English. These smaller versions of English bring to it the culture of those trying to learn it whether they are African-Americans, Hispanics or Asians.Because each is unique and is a reflection of different cultures, the label of Standard English used by Americans is a bit inappropriate. To say that there is one standard means that the others are less formal or different from the norm. In fact, it is non the deviation from the standard that sets these apart but culture and bill, which is brought about by these dialects. For me, Hispanics pronounceing English brings into the language the passion and intensity of the Spani sh language. It should not be looked down upon as is the case of Ebonics or Black English. any(prenominal) words that are not normally used by pure white Americans may be included in such dialects but it is not because it is slang or informal, but because it is a reflection of the heritage that speaks them whether it be African Americans or Hispanics. People should be proud of how they speak even though it may not be classified as standard because the way they speak shows who they are. In learning English, it is not good to simply copy how the bulk speaks English but to learn the language but still let our native culture and heritage to shine through.This is why I feel that it is real appalling when people think a dialect is uncultured or uneducated when in fact it is simple a different kind of culture and education that is being shown by the dialect. In fact, the assumption of a standard only means that the people who define which are the norms are the ones in power. They use sta ndard English and therefore, they want their type of language to be the best. They themselves are proud of their way of mouth and want everybody to understand the beauty of their type of English. However, this is likewise the case for everyone.Now, if only minorities would see their dialects in the same way then they too can consider their dialect as, not only valid, but withal equally leverable and normal. Growing up and learning English as my second language has helped me gain a attentiveness for my Hispanic-Anglish language. It shows that even if I speak a different language than my native tongue, I am still able to hold on to who I am and still my culture and history is brought out whenever I speak. This trustworthy kind of pride helps me to feel respected and part of the norm.However, I know that society is a tough crowd. Even though I may feel my brand of English is beautiful and at equal footing with the standard, officially, I know that there is a certain type of succe ss associated with some variations of English. The language as spoken by Americans or English will still be considered as better and much educated by most people. That is why I am hoping my daughter will be given the same benefits as local Americans or course English speaking people because her first language and my husbands first language is English.I do not feel there is something else I can do to change this fact, since I know it is comprised already into the mindset and system of society. It is institutionally and culturally accepted. However, for me who is learning English, I do not feel compelled to make other people speak standard English in order to treat them better or to look upon them with more respect and/or admiration. I know for a fact that most people learning another language puts in the time and effort that deserves such respect and/or admiration.Therefore, I am not afraid to show and give it to them. I do hope that one day, the people who are naturally speaking E nglish, can look upon those studying and taking English as their second language at the same level. some(prenominal) words may be different. Some accent may be present. But the fact of the matter is, English is just an expression of emotions and feelings and thoughts and opinions. It should not be a means of segregating people and classifying them as a lower class or a less educated class. In fact, it should be the opposite.Language should be used to connect people and to integrate different experiences and culture. The fact that people like me are studying English bringing in our experiences and culture to it means we are breathing in natural life to English and enriching it. Even people who are not in America who are adopting English to their own language commands such respect. Indian or Singaporean English have become an entity of their own. They bring in new words and means of expressions while retaining English as the backbone of the new language being developed.This is a mea ns of enriching English instead of breaking it down and destroying it. Instead of just carrying the same expressions and words, the exotic experiences and everyday lives of these foreigners are forging with English and therefore, creating a livelier language. People who speak English in their own land while keeping intact their own first languages therefore makes English a more global language and are uniting the world and making people feel closer and more connected with each other.

Organization management Essay

Contents Click to go to section The organizational problem. The Organizational increment intervention they treasured. The thinking behind the design of the OD intervention. The constraints I indispensable to take within. The slits I determined to use in the atomic number 53 day shop. The shop design. How I utilise the change puzzle kit. The end result Top Drag Me Contents Click to go to section The organizational problem. The Organizational training intervention they wanted. The thinking behind the design of the OD intervention. The constraints I needed to work within.The tools I decided to use in the one day shop. The workshop design. How I used the change puzzle kit. The end result The organizational problem. I was c solelyed into a hospital by their HR manager. The hospital needed to rectify 1 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions look extendy. An employee morale problem. file///C/Documents and Settings/ module/Desktop/OD interventions case stud morale amongst its nur ses. But as I spoke to diametric stakeholders, the issue became to a giganticer extent complex. The HR managers told me that morale amongst nurses was at an each(prenominal) meter low.At the same time the hospital was trying to change its culture to become more patient role and profit centric. It started off as a morale problem. But as I spoke to different stakeholders, it becam e more complex. The matron of the hospital was concerned nearly the poor relationships between the nurses, their unit managers and the doctors. The unit managers were deliberate by the way that doctors by-passed them and shouted at their nurses. The nurses and their managers blamed arrogant doctors for the poor morale in the hospital.The CEO was concerned that the doctors, who he saw as clients and partners of the hospital, were not happy with the service they were getting. The doctors, chose to locate their independent practices at the hospital, but had the freedom to take their business to another ho spital, eithertime they wanted. Losing specialists to competing hospitals would affect his hospitals brand and fling as well as its profitability. He was withal tired of being the only leader in the organization, and wished that the managers would begin to take responsibility and act standardised leaders.The Organizational Development intervention they wanted. The CEO, matron and HR manager all agreed that they wanted a one-day workshop for all internal managers in the hospital. They wanted the workshop objective to be To help the managers to amplify a car park focalisation regarding what they would need to do as a united squad, over the next 18 months. The thinking behind the design of the OD intervention. I knew that I had to try far more than what theyd asked for in their workshop objective. And far more than change surface the problems they had briefed me on.In choosing my design for the workshop, I needed a tool that would Build trust. Allow the managers to vent thei r frustrations in a way that allowed every manager to be heard. But not in a way that would degenerate into a negative gripe session intimately the doctors. Get the managers to see all the problems go about the hospital not only their own problems. Get the managers out of the habit of blaming doctors or the hospital for problems that they could resolve themselves. Get them to take responsibility and begin work oning as leaders.Get them to stop seeing themselves and their nurses as being victims of the arrogance of doctors, and to start seeing the doctors as authorized customers of the hospital. Support the move to a patient centered and profit oriented culture. divine service them to identify the most important issues that they as a leadership team need to deal with. Help the managers to maturate a common focus for the futurity. virtuoso that not only solved their frustrations, but one that would make them excited 2 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An emplo yee morale problem.file///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud about their future in the hospital. Help the managers to identify the core changes they would need to make to achieve the future they wanted. Help them identify projects that would help them to implement those changes. To do all of this in a way that would conformation a leadership team. One in which team members take responsibility and support one another. The constraints I needed to work within. The hospital could only afford the time for a one-day workshop. There would be 32 people in the group.In this workshop, the process would be as important as the content. Therefore the way in which the group developed their own solutions, was as important as the solutions they developed. We needed a process that would encourage participation, buy-in, ownership, build the managers confidence and energize them. The tools I decided to use in the one day workshop. 1. The main tool I used was The Change Puzzle fit out I had one kit for each group of 8 delegates. Each kit consists of Two laminated charts. (A1 size). The first chart is called The formation Of directly.The second chart is called The high-flown Organisation Of The Future. The design on each chart is of the organization as a puzzle comprising 20 organizational development pieces. The organizational development tool I chose for this complex OD intervention was The Change Puzzle Kit. A set of water soluble pens which allows the delegates to write directly onto the laminated charts. The charts can be wiped sassy and used again. A box of clue cards to help the groups think about the 20 organizational elements from an Organizational Development and systems thinking perspective, as they sodding(a) their charts.2. The secondary tool I used was a single activity from The Powerful Facilitation cards. These workshop activity cards are designed like recipes. They provide detailed workshop activities to achieve specific work shop goals. I chose a card that helped a group to create a plenty in a way that created fun and arrogant energy. The workshop design. I chose The Change Puzzle Kit because it allows a group to do the complex systems thinking they needed to do to solve their own problems, in a very practical and very participative way. This is the process I followed.To ensure that everyone could participate, I divided the larger group into 3 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An employee morale problem. file///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud 4 groups of 8 delegates per group. These groups were mixed to provide as much variety as possible. We mixed the groups so we had different functions (HR, marketing, administration & nursing), and people of different ages and races working together in each group. Each group had their own change puzzle kit to work with.I used this diagram to beg off the process we would be following which was We would take a syste ms thinking photograph of the hospital as it was today with all its frustrations and all its strengths. To do this we would use The Organisation of Today charts and cards. We would do a decent caputed exercise to look at what the hospital would be like 3 years into the future, if it was delighting its patients, was profitable, and a place where the managers would be proud to work. We would translate that right brain vision of the future back into left brained, systems thinking.We would look at the elements that would need to be in place for that vision to work. To do this we would use The Ideal Organisation Of The Future charts and cards. We would then compare what came out of our two charts. From this, we would tell apart a few core changes. Changes that would help us to solve the most important of todays problems, and move us towards the future we wanted. We would then create some projects to make achieve these changes. How I used the change puzzle kit. Step 1. Provide an over view of the change puzzle The attention span of most groups for listening to a presentation is less than half an hour.So, to upkeep the groups attention, I provided a very quick overview of the charts and clue cards they would be utilise. Step 2. The groups analyze their organization as it exists today using The Organisation of Today charts and cards. 2. 1 Instructions Each group was given the chart The Organisation Of Today plus the 20 clue cards about the current organization. They were also given a set of water soluble pens. They were asked to write on their chart how they saw their hospital today in ground of each puzzle piece or OD element. They could use the clue cards to help them.Each person was encouraged to write how he/she viewed the agency independently of their group as the group didnt need to achieve a consensus. I also explained that some people see things in a positive light, others in a negative light and others prefer to put down facts. All of these views were equally valuable. 2. 2 Activity Each group dog-tired about an hour recording their answers. Then instead of having formal feedback, each group simply read what the other groups had written on 4 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An employee morale problem.file///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud their charts. This was to prevent a very tedious feedback process and potential conflict. 2. 3 What came out The three groups were surprised that they had similar responses. For example They felt their roles were not idle enough. They were too rank obsessed. They felt doctors had too much status and that they needed to be empowered more. There was too much gossip. People operated in cliques. No one was taking responsibility. They felt they needed to ack straight offledge one another more.They wanted to create a culture where people dont tone of voice intimidated when someone shares skills. But most of all, they were surprised by how much negativity came out. Surely there are some good things too? One person asked. 2. 4 Why this happened Their common responses were due to two design factors the mixing of the groups, and the systems thinking behind the design of the chart they used. Negative responses are common amongst groups when they analyze their current situation. Groups are more positive when they create their own future. Step 3. Groups develop a vision of the future.I used a germinal activity from the Create fun and energy section of the Powerful Facilitation cards. I needed to turn around the groups energy from negative and powerless, to positive and original. I also needed the groups to develop a vision of their future, which was far more creative than simply that of solving their frustrations of today. As they developed their right brain picture of the future hospital, the groups became energized. Alive. Full of fun. They began laughing. They worked well as a team. They started coming up with brilliant id eas of how they could add value to the doctors, and earn their respect.They created slogans for themselves showing how they would care for their patients, their doctors and one another. This was the turning point of the workshop. Step 4. Groups complete The Ideal Organisation of the Future charts. 4. 1 Instructions and activity I remixed the groups so that each of the four visions were now represented by members within each new group. I then asked the groups to complete the Ideal Organisation of the Future charts. In doing so, I asked them to think about what would need to be in place for them to be able to live their visions. I encouraged them to be creative.This is because I wanted them to come up with more than simply the opposite of the problems theyd identified in their The Organization Of Today charts. I wanted them to capture all the wonderful ideas theyd had in their right brain vision, onto the Ideal organisation of the future charts. I suggested they also look at the fu ture clue cards to generate even more creative ideas. 4. 2. What came out What came out of this activity were wonderful positive ideas that not only solved the problems theyd identified in their organization of today charts, but started achieving all the objectives Id hoped for when designing the workshop.For example, in order to clarify roles, they though of having a monthly picture board, entitled meet the team. They decided to receive a day where they would 5 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An employee morale problem. file///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud change roles with one another. They decided to have a programme where as managers, they would go back to the floor for a day, to better understand some of the issues that both nurses and doctors faced. They would visit the receptionists of doctors to find out all the doctors preferences.Then they would educate one another and their nurses on how to provide great service to ea ch doctor. They decided that one thing that would demonstrate patient centered care, was to think of ways for caring for families of patients who came from out of town. They created slogans for themselves that demonstrated customer care. They decided to lead their teams by getting each unit to develop their own vision linked to the hospital vision. The team became quite excited about what was possible. 4. 3 Why this happened. The groups energy had already turned during the previous exercise.Building on this, we know that groups are always more positive when they are allowed to be creative, and when they focus on the future. The Ideal Organisation of the Future charts are designed in a way that combines creative thinking and a future vision. Also, by analyzing all the OD elements that would be in place to support their vision, the group could see that achieving their vision was possible and practical. This made them feel hopeful about their future. Step 5. The groups contain core ch anges. The group was blown away by all their wonderful ideas. But there were too many to implement all at once.They needed to apply the 80/20 principle. Once again I remixed the groups. I asked them to choose 2 changes that would Solve the biggest problems identified in The Organization of Today charts Help them move towards their most exciting ideas in The Ideal Organization Of The Future charts. I asked them to record these changes in a From and To table. The From would be drawn from The Organization Of Today charts. The To would come from The Ideal Organization Of The Future charts. The four groups were surprised that they all came out with the same core changes.This happened because of the design of The Change Puzzle Kits which gets everyone to use systems thinking, and because we unplowed mixing the groups. They immediately started volunteering for projects around the core changes. The end result I then got the groups to list what theyd achieved as a leadership team during the day, and what they wanted to do after the workshop. What came out was how amazed they were at what theyd been able to achieve in one day. They left the session excited and motivated. You may also like Case studies A strategy implementation case study This describes a two-day workshop.6 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An employee morale problem. file///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud to help an executive and management team to develop a comprehensive plan to implement their strategy. Member tools Poor morale in the workplace a diagnostic tool Based on a complex decision tree, this powerful coaching tool provides a quick way to diagnose your particular morale problem. It provides over forty possible solutions and helps you choose the best solution for your particular problem.How to rebuild morale after an organizational restructure. 4 OD interventions to rebuild trust, focus, morale and commitment after an organizational restructur e. A CEOs guide to implementing strategy What to do after youve developed a strategic plan. How to use your vision to lead an executive team. The 12 steps for aligning your organization to your strategy and getting them to implement it. Develop an innovation system that results in a cultural change. How to develop an innovation culture in your organization. ArticlesTeam leader skills Managing Morale Managing morale is a key leadership skill because it determines whether or not a team has the energy, confidence and commitment to fulfill at their best. Inspiration at work How to inspire and motivate your team at work. Practical EQ and SQ tips for leaders. Restructuring Organizations Leadership problems after an organizational restructure. Typical problems go through by leaders after a restructuring exercise. The role of a change agent during an organizational restructure. The role a change agent can play during a restructure. When to do strategic planning.Strategic planning as an OD intervention. Participative tools to use in OD interventions The Change Puzzle KitA powerful tool for any OD intervention that requires group participation, systems thinking or a diagnosis of a problem. Powerful Facilitation CardsA set of OD activities to choose from to use in your OD intervention workshop. Winning the Game of Change A powerful planning tool for developing an OD strategy for your organization, or for helping your executive team to plan to implement their strategy. Contains 20 cards covering the major OD interventions. 7 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM.

Management & Leadership Essay

The representation the world now developed through the industrial revolution from the twentieth century has a great ventureground with many driving incidentor involved. The scheme that is cost-effective and has a vertical impact on social welf ar of society, and those living in the society, is considerably dependent on the effective and resourceful piece of organizations of every(prenominal) kinds, which depends on satisfactory or resplendent steering and leaders potential, and which groundwork be learnt and extended, would be acknowledged by many.This is the reason diametric government and government agencies nationally or internationally, organization of all kinds, investing in their own development, be requires as the basis of this belief that they make considerable investment in prudence and leading training, development and education. in that location was a report in November 2006, Yahoo manager Brad Garlinghouse issued memo that mailly challenge the senior directio n. He accused the Yahoos leading absent strategic armorial bearing. Their competitor Google had beaten Yahoo in terms of revenue, advertisement and the share price fallen nearly a third since the start of the year. He extracted to make water a change in their strategy.Off course it is very difficult to change the strategy for any organization but to survive in the competent world a change should be made when use uped. It was Mr. Garlinghouse great oversight and leading skill that he diagnosed the problem and gives his organization a direction to move. A crash from what he observed and analyzed, the main part is that he made a decision to apply the change.He great power have adopted several(predicate) way of life for management as well as leadership, according to the organizational structure of Yahoo, and would be aware of what impact would be coming in applying the decisions. It would have been Autocratic or Paternalistic or it might be the Democratic star but what actua lly he identified was the lack in the management and leadership directions.Waka International is a multinational organization making FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) all over the world and for the last few years making its way up but not with a pace with which it has to moving over with good management and leader but still the HR management asked younger looker to compile a report on how the managers puke lead their team using different styles of management and leadership and how these styles going to impact on the strategic decision, and this is what good organization do to look what changes they need or things that behind be adopted like Yahoo manager Brad Galinghouse did. There is a good saying by roughone that there is one thing constant and it is change and researchers have made efforts to put forward some suggestion what style we should adopt in different work situation within a team in Waka International to meet the challenges on different stages.Management is been desc ribed as the process of caboodleting objectives and making most efficient use of financial, human and physical resources to achieve these objectives, in which main depute include planning, organizing, controlling and coordinating.The resources may include the organizational assets which may be people, machinery, raw materials, information, skills and financial capital to measure the organizational performance i.e. how efficiently and efficaciously management use these resources to satisfy customers and to briefly explore or examine management and in this report will be looking on the management theories of two recent writers.First researcher tried to sketch the attempt of Peter Drucker for his work to describe and comment upon what managers do and he identifies three tasks consoling the goals or mission of the organization. Enabling the worker to achieve and focus on productivity. Managing social responsibilities.He suggested in simplified manner that managers are required to set objectives organize motivate and communicate measure and develop people.Secondly to mention the influential work on management of Henry Mintzberg in which he flesh out his observations of what managers actually did. He examine that managers were not found to spend most of their time planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding and controlling and suggested ten roles managers often attempt logically in the pursuit of their objectives and divided these roles in three stages as building relationship with the employees, yielding the quality information and finally the allocation of decision making, objective and resources to the employees.On the other hand leadership can be suggested as, the part of management to drive the organization to achieve its goals by utilizing potential influence with group efforts. leading in the organizational role involves establishing and sharing a vision, providing information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision so others can follow willing ly.If we link management and leadership we can say that leadership is an essential part of effective management, which emphasis upon the building an environment in which everyone has the opportunity to develop and excel skills. This link between management and leadership shows that managers must have traits of a leader.While learning about leadership researcher describes two types of leadership which are Direct leadershiphip & confirmative leading. Direct leadership is something about imposing orders to your pursuit and maybe enforcing them to accept you as a leader, where followers used to see the leader regularly face-to-face. Or it can be said that the leaders who are able to get to know those they are working with and influence them on an interpersonal basis are direct leaders.While those having thousands of followers without possessing the role of leadership is the indirect leadership. It may also be believed that the indirect leadership has to do with influencing others a nd making them your followers indirectly by inspiring the followers through your character, charisma etc. Leadership is not about ruling people like subjects and taking it for granted its about presenting yourself as someone who people think should be followed for guidance. Its about winning the minds and hearts of people.If we like to differentiate between management and leadership we can come up with the idea that Managers perform roles in organizations and hold a specific, formal title and fulfill a role well Leaders aim to influence and guide others into pursuing particular objectives or ideas of the future and to motivate them into wanting to follow.In Waka International the management has the best quality leadership hence the reason, management asked their junior staff for such an important part to look on it, since the organization is willing to move up and each management is leading its team in a good way, with a good pace as well, in a better management and leadership style .Leadership style is the way in which the functions of leadership are carries out, the way in which the manager typically behaves towards members of the group.Different leaders have different behavior which might produce different effects, so researchers began studies on successful leaders and began to develop different styles of leadership. Also how to become a good leader one should be aware of his leadership style. There are many theories on leadership styles these are summarized into three dimensional theories which describe different leadership stylesThe concept in this style is of leader and followers, where leaders have got all the high power, authority and control they make the decisions in a one way communication and direct their followers with minimal participation of followers. All the planning and thinking is done by the leader and the teams role is to follow the orders and motivation to the followers only comes from the leaders status, charisma, expertise and power to r eward and punish.An example of authoritarian styles is John F. Kennedy and one of the many things that John F. Kennedy is remembered for is his vision concerning the United States set program. On September 12, 1962, while speaking at Rice University, President Kennedy saidWe choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to winHe then went on to talk about metal alloys that had not yet been invented that are subject of standing heat and stresses several times more than have ever been experienced. He had a vision of sending a man to the moon and back safely. He even explained how it was going to be accomplished. John F. Kennedy was exhibiting an authoritative leadership style that mobilized the resources o f an entire nation towards this single goal.When we are talking about participatory leadership, it does not refer to a leader who holds political office or background, such as senator or parliamentarian. It talks about a leadership style that exhibits democratic characteristics. This idea of leadership involves running a melodic phrase on the basis on the majority of decisions i.e. leader encourage the involvement of employees to take part in decision.Many of the great organizational leaders did use this style, Bill Gates is well known for his democratic management style at Microsoft. He actively involved employees in key management and strategic decisions. He was always interacted with the employees of Microsoft and customer and devoted his time for them by staying in contact via e-mail.In the democratic leadership style, we see a balance in the decision-making process. Employees or followers are allowed to participate in the decisions their opinion counts just as such(prenomin al) as the leaders. Now this might sound like the optimal way to lead but every ways got some pros and cons in it.In this type of leadership managers observes that employees are working well on their own and consciously make a decision to pass to the member to allow them independence of action and not to interfere and is always available to help in need. The leader may also set some example but zilch has to follow it if they want to. They leader dont try to motivate their subordinate or it can be said that motivation only comes from the fact that the individuals are free to do what they likes and no one has to waste time explaining their actions. This leadership style may work with individual people like academics and artists who need to be free on work in their own way, and dont like teamwork, they would like to like what they want, and not ask for guidance or permission.Researchers suggested that a specific leadership style cannot be constraint to a particular situation rather a ny styles can be adopted at any situations. Researchers also suggested that the autocratic style may be suitable when large numbers of un-skilled employees are involved and when quick decisions are a division of life and death and have to be made quickly. Motivation is just a name which comes out from the personality of the leader that is the reason followers shinny to please or satisfy the leaders. So this style may be adopted when there is a need of urgency in Waka International and when a particular objective is achieved a different style can be implemented, and this is what management is all about, the change.Since in the democratic style, employees or followers have an equal say in the decision-making process, they are more dedicated to the desired outcome. The collaborative environment created by this style often results in more umbrella solutions to problems. If Waka International is looking for better and long term result democratic style would be a better choice as most of the far-famed company focus on the democratic style so it would be valuable for long term objectives and goals.Laissez-faire type of leader may revivify or motivate people or plan ideas but do not make any efforts to ensure that the team follows it. This kind of leadership can only work with academics or artists, who dont like team work and emphasis to work freely. So many researchers dont suggest adopting this style of leadership and it will not be driving the organization to its objective quickly. But this style is has good result if professional and experienced followers are in the workplace.From the report it can be concluded that management and leadership are two different aspects, but on a colossal vision if leadership has not become the part of the management, this may lead to disastrous result. Coping up the resources and not leading in a good direction without an effective leadership may show short-term good result but it would not demonstrate a good impact on the orga nizational objective or goals and without the right leadership, organizational strategies will remain as ink on paper. Getting the right leadership to implement business strategies takes careful planning and dedicated effort, and often substantial investment.Like the sports coach whose mediocre team never wins a championship, the CEO cant anticipate to achieve bold new strategies without giving thought to his leadership team and leadership culture. Too many organizations have become unworried with their existing leadership programs, instead of making certain that they are linking their leadership strategies and development investments with their business strategies and taking full advantage of the learning opportunities that accompany strategic change.With learning and research it can also be concluded that the planning methods are useful in meeting the challenges of any situation and developing leadership skills. Leadership traits can be learnt and developed to meet the strategic needs. This report has the relevance for handling complex situation of the present competitive business world by utilizing leadership skills in making strategic decisions to achieve the stipulated goal. The different styles mentioned earlier can be used depending upon the organizational needs and objectives, to achieve the goals.

Admitting average or mediocre students into college has not debased american higher education

American higher education is one of the oldest in the world. Since the establishment of the first higher institute of education in the country, on that point has been tremendous growth in the number of disciples admitted to our higher education institutions every year.In deed, College education has been the aspiration of the many young adults in the country. As the modern engineering takes centre state in life, education has become in important tool to assist a student to cut an edge in the technology driven economy. barely the issue of gate to American colleges has remained controversial in respect to the admission of average or median(a) students. While some encounter argued that the admission of average and mediocre students has de ground American higher education, this paper strongly refutes this claim. Poor base structure in our education system can be held responsible for debasing American higher education.American education poor base structure debasing higher educationAc cording to the charter of human unspoileds, every student has the right to education and admitting average or mediocre students does not debase American higher education (Guinner, 1998).There have been differeing college admission criteria which have denied some students a demote to acquire higher education. It has been argued that average or mediocre students have debased American higher education but there are other factors which have debased the higher education.First we have to understand what makes an average of mediocre students. There are many factors which are employ to grade students and therefore determine their origination criteria to higher education institutions. Some of these factors include the low grades, SAT scores, environment and social behavior factors.Therefore these factors determine the ability of the student to purse higher education. However some of the average or mediocre students have performed better than other students. Therefore the first point that refutes this claim is that our system has poorly divided and prepare our students (Thill, 2006).SAT has been widely used in find the eligibility of a student to higher education institutions. There are many scholars who argued against the use of SAT to determine the eligibility of student to higher education arguing that it is flawed and very unreliable.The first factor that has debased American higher education is the use of SAT in determining the eligibility of students. Therefore we can say that there are no averages or mediocre students but we only have a mediocre system that is used to scrutinize them and this system is SATs.There are other college admission criteria that have debased American higher education system. There are some students who are admitted to college based on their past sports record. Rothchild (2008) argue that there are a number of top colleges which pay students exorbitant amounts of money or award with possessions in order to sway students to join the ir colleges and play for their teams.No one is quite sure whether the coaches who admit these students to their team really look into the minds like the SAT test looks into student minds. around of these students do not really deserve to be college student as their mediocre or average classmate.This means that it is not the admission of average and mediocre students which has debased American higher students but rather the discriminate admission of students based on other factor like sports career.

Second Hand Smoking

dissertation Statement into our Outline First take your existing and completed Thesis Statement and rewrite it here Second quite a little smoking can be prevented by quitting or doing it somewhere where it wont harm other sight. Second, take your cardinal or three supporting elements (usually in the second sentence in a Thesis Statement) and give them for each one their own number (or bullet). Second hand smoking can be prevented by quitting or doing it somewhere where it wont harm other people.Topic in your Thesis statement only (the first smash of the first entente) (one) Second hand smoking (two) Harming other people (three optional) Quitting smoking (four optional) Lastly, you must give at least two pieces of specific information to each supporting element. Second Hand smoking Causes lung cancer and also is the cause why many children die with a smoker parent Harming other people Also harming people come out of the closetside, for example people at a bus stop Quitting s moking To also help the smokers health, help them quit We will post in a place holder for a conclusion that will be completed next week.EXAMPLE Everything in bold below should be In the assignment you turn In by the due date Using my Gun force out Thesis Statement Thesis Statement Gun violence In urban America can be a devastating plague. With gun education, better laws, and a community watch, we can help stamp out gun violence. Outline Topic Gun violence In urban America Gun Education Create classes to teach gun safety and fitting usage Have a tutoring and mentoring program to help teach even more folks Better laws More gun control litigation special local laws that can help control guns Community WatchGive classes on how to form community watches Help form a foundation that can help manoeuvre different neighborhoods Into groups that can work together Conclusion (We will get Into this later) Second Hand Smoking By millionaires Everything in bold below should be in the assignme nt you turn in by the due date Gun violence in urban America can be a devastating plague. With gun education, Topic Gun violence in urban America Help form a foundation that can help excogitate different neighborhoods into groups that can work together Conclusion (We will get into this later)

Succubus Revealed Chapter 20

I thought ab step to the fore it for half a heartbeat, and even that was too long. There was no question what my decision could be. Seth and I were bound together. level off if it had been for Jeromes convenience, Seth had found my soul across the incredible r totally(prenominal)es of the dream world. Seth and I had found each other, life after life, and continually fallen in love. Even if we didnt consciously remember each other, more or less inner part of ourselves had connected. I remembered Romans words.Over and everyplace, you find each other and lose each other, you pettifog and fight, throw it all off on mistrust and lack of communication. Are you going to let that come on?No, the cycle was going to end. On my terms. These lives wed lived . . . the pain wed suffered . . . it wouldnt be for zero. It didnt matter if Seth hated me and never valued to see me again. I wouldnt abandon him not now, not ever.No deal, I said to Roman. Seth and I are doing this together, wheth er he knows it or not.Roman didnt try to talk me out of it. He simply said, You actualise whats at stake?I do. If we failed here, I wouldnt respectable lose my soul. I would also be flavor forward to an eternity in Hells service, with superiors none-too-pleased that Id shaken up the status quo. I didnt doubt that there was almost article or clause somewhere that said I couldnt be penalized for this, simply as Id note worthy before, Hell had plenty of ways of punishing people off the record. The Las Vegas position would probably no semipermanent exist, forcing me to relocate to some truly terrible location.Hannibal called the court back to order, and Roman relayed my decision.Hannibal clicked his tongue disapprovingly. Risking it all for the spic-and-span car, eh? Well, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, it falls in your hands now. Youve heard the evidence and lack thereof. Do you turn over there is affluent proof to support the petitioners case? Should both contracts that these individuals willingly theatreed be invalidated? So much for justice being blind.The jury assign selects anonymously, which I found interesting. It was a small gesture toward impartiality, theoretically providing defense to those who voted against their sides best interests. From what both Roman and Marcel had told me, I could see it pass alonging among the angels. But did it ever happen with demons? Even if they knew the even out or wrong of a situation, their ultimate goal was to accrue souls for Hell. Would any of them be moved by a case enough to go with their conscience? Was it possible that some promiscuous of goodness could still endure in the turnedness of this place? Judging from the quick way everyone scrawled their responses on the pieces of paper inclined, it didnt look give care it. There was no hesitation. The demons wore cocky, self-assured expressions. Angels and demons came from the same stock, simply Id been told that once they fagged enough clip in Hell, that angelic nature was eroded away. These demons werent going to lose any quiet virtually what became of my soul.The votes were collected by the bailiff. He sorted them into two suspiciously similarly sized slews and handed them to the judge. Hannibal did a quick count and nodded to himself before addressing us. A new stillness fell over the room.Here we go, murmured Roman.The jury has spoken, said Hannibal. Six to six. We have a tie.There was a collective release in the room, and then the tension ramped back up as everyone waited for the next step. I shouldnt have been affect by the tie, but some part of me had been hoping maybe, just maybe, a wayward demon wouldve voted in my favor. I had my answer. There was no actuate of goodness here. It couldnt survive in Hell.In accordance with article . . . fuck, I dont know . . . article something-or-other, well be going to a tiebreaker vote, said Hannibal. The bailiff returned with an ornate vase, which he handed to th e judge. Hannibal dumped out the contents, revealing a white marble and a black marble. In this case, it really is as uncomplicated as black and white. If the black ones drawn, a demon casts the deciding vote. If its white, an angel will. He paused, looking bemused. Thats so cliched. I dont suppose we could switch the colors around? Just this once? No? Okay, lets get on with it. He scanned the jury and pointed to an angel with curly red hair and long-lashed blue eyeball. You. Youll do the draw.She nodded her acceptance and approached the remove gracefully. Again, another attempt at justice. If Hannibal had drawn the marbles, I would have been suspicious of the outcome. The fairness of the matter was hereafter solidified when he made her swear to draw fairly, without using her powers to advantage.I swear, she said, placing the marbles in the vase. She agitate them up and reached her hand in, casting a brief and unless I was mistaken sympathetic look at me. Her hand emerged, cl osed in a fist. When she opened it, no one could see the marble right away, but her face told the story.Shit, said Roman.The angels palm revealed a black marble. She handed it to the judge who made no pretense at hiding his joy. He thanked her as she returned to her seat and then held the marble up for all the room to see. There was a murmur of excitement among the demons, delighted at having won the gamble hed laid before us.I had a moment of regret, but unaccompanied a small one. I couldve walked away from here with my soul and life intact. I couldve never brought this up and continued my life as a succubus undisturbed, living out the dream scenario in Las Vegas. Instead, Id risked everything for the chance to free myself and Seth. And Id anomic for both of us.Had it been worth it?Yes. Fate has spoken, said Hannibal, still admiring the marble. Per the rules, the decision now falls to a thirteenth juror, who will be arbitrarily selected from a pool of Hells illustrious servants . Doris?Doris began clicking away at her laptop. After a few moments, she gave a nod toward the bailiff. He walked toward the back exit, presumably to escort in the thirteenth juror.My heart felt heavy and leaden, and I was startled when Roman again placed his hand on mine. Im sorry, he said in a low junction. I should have fought harder. Or pushed you to take the deal I squeezed his hand back. No. You were perfect. The only thing you shouldnt have make was get involved with this mess. It was impossible to believe, but whatever fate awaited me after my suit was denied wouldnt be half as bad as his.He gave me a puckish smile. What, and miss the chance to laugh in the face of Heaven and Hell? Besides, theres no way I could egress you to The courtroom had given way to chatter when the bailiff left, and now silence resumed upon his return. Whatever sentiments Roman had been most to say were lost, as he joined me in looking back to see the demon who would cast the last condemning vote on me. When I did, I had to do a double take.It was Yasmine.I almost didnt recognize her. It had been a year since Id seen her, a year since Id watched her fall from grace, transforming from an angel to a demon. Yasmine had act a number of grave sins as an angel, starting when shed fallen in love. That alone was forbidden for her kind, but it had gone one step further shed fallen for a nephilim named Vincent. Vince was a great guy, but like Roman, the standard reaction from angels and demons alike had been prompt destruction. One angel had finally acted on that impulse, and Yasmine had rushed to underpin Vince killing the other angel in the process.And with that, she had been condemned to Hell.I had seen it. It had been terrible. One angels death, anothers fall. It had all gone down the shadow Nyx had been found and recaptured. Vince and I had been in the cross fire of it. Id done what I could for him, but there was nothing I could do to stop Heavens punishment.Before lea ving town, Vince had told me that it didnt matter what I thought I knew close to Yasmine. Hed said that once she had spent enough time in Hell and around other demons, shed bring about like them. It was what happened to all of them, how someone like Carter could become someone like Jerome. I hadnt believed it at the time but could understand it better after being surrounded in the despair and wrongness of this place. And when I studied her now, I could see it had happened to her too.I remembered a smiling, laughing young woman with sparkling dark eyes and shining black hair. The hair and eyes were ostensibly the same, but there was no light or laughter in them. Her eyes seemed fathomless, dark and cold as she stared straight ahead and walked to the front man of the courtroom. She was wearing a gauzy black dress, reminding me of some Goth courtesan, and her long, flowing hair blended into the slick fabric. Even if Id never met her or known her history, I would have instantly iden tified her as a demon. Just like the others in the room, there was something in the way she looked and carried herself.I was about to be condemned by someone who had once been my friend.Yasmine reached the front of the courtroom and was gestured toward the witnesses table. She sat down, gazing around the room with an unreadable expression.Youve been following the discharge? asked Judge Hannibal.Yes, she said, in a voice as expressionless as her face. How shed been watching, I couldnt say. With Hell, it couldve been closed-circuit TV or a magic mirror for all I knew.And you understand your duty? asked Hannibal.Yes, she replied.Hannibal was trying to entertain some semblance of formality and procedure, but the self-satisfied smirk on his face was kind of negating that. He was too goddamned pleased with himself and this turn of events.Cast your vote then, based on the evidence and arguments youve witnessed. If you believe the two contracts are both sound and have not contradicted eac h other, then cast your vote against the petitioner.When silence followed, Roman spoke up. And if she thinks the two contracts arent valid?Yes, yes. Hannibal made a dismissive gesture, annoyed at this obvious waste of his time. If you believe the contracts do contradict each other, then cast your vote for the petitioner.Yasmine was given a piece of paper and pen, just like the other jurors. And just like the others, she wasted no time in writing her vote, her markings swift and certain. When she finished, she looked up serenely, no change in her expression, no sign that wed ever once known each other. As terrible as I felt about my own fate, I couldnt help but feel nearly as bad for what Hell had done to someone as good and kind as her. No, I thought. Not just Hell. Really, Heaven was just as guilty. What kind of group could advocate goodness and not allow its members to love?Hannibal took the paper from her with a flourish and held it out before him to read. In accordance with the laws of this court, and the infallible Kingdom of Hell, the jury finds There was a pause, and the next part came out as a question. In favor of the petitioner?A spark of goodness in the darkness. . . .For a moment, nothing happened. The courtroom was silent, frozen in time. Then, several things happened right on top of each other.From behind me, I heard Jerome say, Shit.Yasmine winked at me.Roman hugged me.Hannibal reread the slip of paper, looked at Yasmine, and then swallowed before speaking. Both contracts are declared invalid, null and void.Most of the room was on its feet, voices increase in fury. I had no time to process what they were saying, though, because I was disintegrating away.No, not yet I exclaimed.I reached desperately for Roman, whose arms had been around me, but couldnt get ahold of him anymore. I was becoming nothing, a will-o-the-wisp, unable to grind anything of substance. I tried, though. I tried to grab him and take him with me because there was no way I could leave him here, not in the midst of a bunch of demons pissed off over having just lost two souls. I even tried to say his name, but it didnt work. I had no mouth, no voice anymore. I was leaving this place, and he was staying.The last thing I saw was his sea green eyes regarding me with both happiness and sorrow. I thought I heard him saying something about a off the beaten track(predicate), far greater thing, and then I perceived nothing. I would have screamed in fury if I could have, but I was gone. I was nothing.Only darkness.

What Are the Problems That Wal-Mart Has Faced, and What Has the Company Done to Address Them

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. , is an icon of American business. From small-town business to multinational, from hugely controversial to a leader in renewable energy, Wal-Mart has long been a lightning rod for news and criticism. With 2008 sales of over $405. 6 gazillion and more than two million employees worldwide, the worlds largest public corporation must carefully manage many different stakeholder relationships. It is a challenge that has sparked significant debate.Although Wal-Mart reportedly can save the clean family $3,200 annually, the company has historically received plenty of criticism regarding its treatment of employees, suppliers, and economic impacts on communities. Feminists, activists, and labor sexual union leaders have all voiced their beliefs that Wal-Mart has engaged in misconduct in order to take into account low prices. However, Wal-Mart has been turning over a new leaf. New emphases on diversity, charitable giving, and sustainability have contributed to Wal-Mart s revitalized image.The story of Wal-Mart and its low prices includes both positive and negative impacts on society. Positively, Wal-Mart reportedly saves consumers over $287 billion annually, equating to about $950 per person. On the flip side, research shows that communities can be negatively impacted by Wal-Marts arrival in their areas. This analysis attempts to show both sides of the controversy. It begins by briefly examining the growth of Wal-Mart, and therefore discusses Wal-Marts various relationships with its stakeholders, including competitors, suppliers, and employees.Some of the ethical issues concerning these stakeholders include accusations of discrimination, illegal immigration issues, and leadership misconduct as present by Wal-Mart former vice chair Thomas Coughlin. Yet, in an effort to show Wal-Marts attempts to side of meat itself as a socially responsible company, this case also examines Wal-Marts sustainability plans, its ethical initiatives, and former chie f executive officer Lee Scotts impressive leadership qualities. The analysis concludes by highlighting Wal-Marts strategy during the approximately recent recession and recovery.

Chinese investments and business Essay

For more than ve years now, master(prenominal)land chinaw be has been the most key trade coadjutor of Africa (OECD, 2011). Its growing enthronements in the Afri passel uncorrupted show the denite long-term interest that the Asian country has in Africa. When comparing the manner and the effectiveness of doing personal line of credit in Africa of Chinese companies and of western companies, a lot of remainders atomic number 50 be found. These divergences can inspection and repair us better understand why Chinese rms are world more successful in Africa than European and American rms but also why they continue to be so eager to multiply and deepen their furrow partnerships in Africa.The particularities of the Chinese elbow room to do business in Africa that enhance this growing investing trend can be assembled in three public characteristics of the Africa-mainland china relations the long-term relationship that was built betwixt China and African countries over the year s, the efcient model utilise by Chinese companies to cultivate a good enough delineation in the eyes of the African spate and the important role played by the Chinese government through diplomatic efforts.1. Africa and China, in good terms since 1955.At the Bandung conference in 1955, China has allied with the newly independent African countries in order to resist agains each form or colonialism or neocolonialism. This rst contemporary step reects the aim that China has since been adopting allying with African countries by showing them that China is on their side and helping them ght the western hegemony. By positioning on their side and emphasizing their common interest and interchange up to(p)ities in resisting the western world, China has gained a great trust in Africa. This process was greatly catalyzed by the actions ofthe Chinese government from the 1960s trough today.On the some other side, complicated diplomatic relations between the African and the western countr ies move over make it more difcult for the European and American companies to do business in Africa. Indeed, political leadership from the westbound have had negative behaviors with African leaders and people, only emphasizing the poverty, the instability and the lack of democracy of this continent and underrating Africas potential for business (Rieff, 1998). In fact, companies from the western world were only pushed by their leaders to invest in Africa in the 1990s, when these latter started to realize the performances of Chinese rms in Africa(Sautman & Hairong, 2007). On this side, we see intelligibly that the Western countries are late compared to China and still suffering from their image of neocolonialists. Furthermore, it is interesting to see that China has been paying more attention to the longterm consequences an interests, when investing in African countries. On the other side, the western countries as seen by the Africans as investing selshly and only looking for rap id expansion without caring about the long-term consequences for Africa and its people.Also, when looking at Hofstedes cultural dimensions, we observe that China and mevery African countries are similar on certain dimensions such as individualism (low) and power distance (high), which could make it easier for Chinese companies to invest in Africa. Nonetheless, the success and the attraction of China in Africa bes to have deeper explanations, and some authors suggest that a straightforward Chinese model exists when it comes to its commercial activities on the African continent (Li, 2005). This specic method of investing in Africa is do possible for Chinese rms through Chinas philosophy to encourage foreign pose investments (FDI) and with the help of all the Chinese savings.2. A more efcient model, a better image, a better business environment. Since the beginning, China was able to play on the same side as African countries as they can relate to some similarities in their his tory. Indeed, both African and Asian countries, except for Japan and Korea, were resurrecting countries non to long ago, after suffering of decades of colonialism from the Western countries. In this sense, China, which is the best developed of the South countries can thus show the way to African countries and understands the situation there far better than the Occidental countries do.To go horizontal further, some authors argue that increased trade and investment from China is reducing the African dependence on the US and other Western countries it is then seen as mutually benecial (Itano, 2005) It is because of that mutual understanding and benet that Chinese companies see Africa as a less risky proposition. These companies have understood how to do business in Africa and how to overcome the risks of that continent.At rst, it could look like Chinese, American and European companies are doing business in the select same way they all extract resources such as oil and buy tax materials from Africa, time exporting other consumer goods. However, China seems to be more seless when doing it. Chinese companies, thanks to their still cheap manufacturing force, is able to export goods to Africa that are way cheaper than the ones from Western countries, and sometimes tear down cheaper than the local African goods (Donnelly, 2005). Moreover, Chinese companies seem to have understood that to improve their business relationship with African stakeholders, they have to really contribute to the exploitation of the country in which they operate. While the Western companies have an image of only improving the GDP of the nations in which they do business, only looking at their interests, pretend to be helping African countries because they help them grow.However, the main difference between Chinese and Western way of investing is that the rst one has been helping Africa to develop magical spell the second one has only brought growth but no realdevelopment. The Chin ese companies seem to have done more to help industrialism grow in the different African countries where they operate. According to the Carnegie Endowment for external Peace, in 2009, 29% of Chinas FDI to Africa went to the extractive industries but it represented 60% of U.S. FDI . During the same year, the CEIP reported that China had invested more in manufacturing, and in African jobs, than the U.S did (Proctor, 2013). Chinese companies have found that helping the African countries to develop and to industrialize, while providing low-cost technologies to their African partners (Muekalia, 2004) allowed them to build better relations with these partners and get more connections locally, which seems to be native she doing business in Africa.The last characteristic of this Chinese model is very interesting and it has to do agin with the similarities between the two cultures. While western expatriates in Africa show a very negative image of their countries, this is not the case at all for the Chinese workers. These latter appear to have a closer life-style to the African people than the workers and businessmen from Europe and North-America. The have similar living conditions, are not interior over the African employees and do not demand indecent salaries. On the other side, the Western executives and workers, even among Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) seem to have an exploitative behavior and take advantage of their position (Wainaina, 2006). This type of behavior can, without any doubt, be called neocolonialism, and this is what makes Western companies loose the trust an collaboration of their African partners.This altered relation between Western and African companies create an even riskier environment for the rst to business on the seconds territory. Nevertheless, Chineses good behavior and long-term earned respect allows its companies to enjoy good relations and an easier business environment. This important difference, however, is not only imputable to the Western companies actions, but particularly to the wrong strategies of theirgovernments, completely opposed to Chinas diplomatic strategy.3. Efcient diplomatic efforts from the Chinese government. Indeed, as it was s abet before, the diplomatic efforts of the Chinese government in Africa are more than 50 years old. The best example for this is the Tanzania-Zambia railway project, implemented by China during the 1960s and the 1970s, and which was made possible through the help of round fty thousand workers from China ( Hall & Peyman, 1976). This is the perfective tense example of the way China has been doing diplomacy in Africa for the past half century it brings help without severe to force things and knowing that they will get something in return. In the opposite, E.U. and the U.S. have always attached conditions to their help inAfrica, demanding changes from their governments and forcing different legal and economic reforms.Indeed, these governments have continuously tr ied to force their western invention of democracy into the African countries, while pushing for more deregulation and privatization. This obsession for democracy, coupled with an almost unhidden neocolonialist commit to educate the African people has pushed the Western leaders into complicated relationships with the African people and has deteriorated their image in the continent. Today, some of the Western governments start to see their mistakes and realize that their strategy has not been the right one and has made investing in Africa even more complicated for their rms.When she was still Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, ex- declared that the U.S. rms should look for sustainable partnerships in Africa that add value rather than extract it. (Salvaterra, 2012) However, these countries still have a long way to go, as they have been using international treaties that have weakened African nations (Nunn & Price, 2004) and that are seen as promoting an aggravated form of worl dwide unequal exchange (Sautman, B &Hairong, Y, 2007). China, on the other side, has been promoting infrastructure, human capital and other long-term investment, while Western countries have been promoting only primary products and rst-aid. Chinas government has neer given any ofcial political support, while keeping smooth relationships with the African leaders, which is a deep difference with the U.S. and the E.U.This difference seems to be the most obvious when it comes to aid in Africa. Western countries aid is called tied aid , meaning that the aid will only provided in certain conditions, which will benet the stakeholder performing the aid. For example,when a U.S. passes a contract with an African developing country, it ties the nancial aid it will provide to this African country to the covenant to use this money to buy goods from American rms or non-prot organizations. Chinese aid, on the contrary is broadly untied . The best description of this divergence of strategies between China and the Western countries seem to be exposit by Julius Nyere (1974), when he declared that the Chinese people have not asked us to become communists in order to qualify for this loan They have never at any point suggested that we should change any of our policies .ConclusionThe main reason why it is easier for Chinese rms to do business in Africa than for other rms seem to be contained in this quote. China has been building a positive relationship with African countries, where both parties are winning and where Africas free agency is taken into account and even valued. The Chinese diplomats and companies have managed to cut the risk of corruption and of change from the African people by building a good image in their eyes and becoming friends with them.On the other side, Western rms still suffer from these risks of corruption as they rarely benet from a trust-based relationship in the African countries, which is crucial when trying to work around this problem. By having neocolonialist behaviors and building win-lose situations instead of win-win situations, they made it even worse for them to do business in Africa.