Future of the US Healthcare System and the Effects on the Practice of Hand Surgery.

The authors of the report stated in the paper that no commercial party will benefit from the results of the report. This gives the reader an idea that the results of the report are unbiased and are not for the benefit on one party alone. Although the entirety of the paper is straightforward with regards to the current status of the healthcare system in the country, the suggested solutions were still broad and indefinite. Current problems in the healthcare system in the United States were examined in the recent report.Possible solutions to the identified problems were proposed as to also address the pressing need to have equal access to proper and quality healthcare. Sixteen percent (16%) of USA's GDP is allotted for healthcare expenditures, unfortunately this is not directly related to quality and equality of access in comparison with other countries. With this regard, many proposals were made to improve the system. In addition, healthcare professionals believe that hand surgery has a lot to offer in providing answers to the identified problems.The history of the healthcare system was also presented to give a background on the system. The system of having a universal system was initiated by President Roosevelt in the 1930s, which evolved from a primarily nonprofit system to one that recognized the great opportunity for profit. Through the years, there was an exponential increase in healthcare costs attributed to ‘defensive medicine' and advancing diagnostic and pharmaceutical technology. With these problems, the authors of the report advise that the future of health care system in the USA may be leaning towards a more cost-effective system.Policy makers would like to take advantage of existing programs such as Medicaid or Medicare to expand the coverage of healthcare. It is foreseen that either (a) private insurance companies will no longer be on business and the government will be the one responsible for health care distribution for all or (b) private co mpanies will remain to be existent to give the public the choice on which health care provider they prefer. After reading the article, one is still left questioning what really is next for the health care system in the country.The undesirable reality has already been exposed and most people already know the disadvantages of the current system. The proposed new system of abolishing the private insurance companies to make way for the government to handle health care is a little too unrealistic. The country is being ran by the capitalists and removing these big companies will cost the country jobs and millions of dollars of losses. The author also had some points that campaigning and pushing through with the slogan â€Å"healthcare for all† is impossible.I personally think that this statement is untrue since a lot of nations have already implemented this as in the case of England and Cuba. Overall, the report is comprehensive and informative enough to be read and evaluated by pr oper authorities. They can review this and provide considerations for future policies to address the problems and improve on the existing healthcare system. Pushman, A. G. & K. C. Chung. â€Å"Future of the US Healthcare System and the Effects on the Practice of Hand Surgery. † American Association for Hand Surgery 2009 4:99-107.

Chemistry revision notes Essay Example for Free

Chemistry revision notes Essay The oxidation state or oxidation number, is a value assigned to a chemical species which represents its actual or nominal electrical charge. The oxidation number in a free or uncombined element is zero. This means that, metallic magnesium has an oxidation number of zero, and chlorine in Cl2 form has an oxidation state of zero. For simple ionic compounds, the oxidation state of the single atom ions is simply the charge on the ions. In most compounds the oxidation number for hydrogen is +1 and for oxygen is -2. The exceptions include the hydrides (the oxidation state is -1) and the peroxides (the oxidation state for oxygen is -1). In the compounds, halides usually have the oxidation number -1. The sum of all the oxidation numbers in a compound have to be equal to zero. The sum of all the oxidation states in a complex ion is the same as the charge on the ion. Semiconductors A covalent element such as silicon or germanium which has a higher conductivity than that of a typical non-metal but a much lower conductivity than that of a metal is described as a semiconductor. Semiconductors are also referred to as metalloids and they occur at the division between metals and non-metals in the Periodic Table. Key facts : 1. The electrical conductivity of semiconductors increases with increasing temperature. 2: Doping pure crystals of silicon or germanium with certain other elements produces 2 types of semiconductors: n- type and p-type semiconductors. The addition of small quantities of certain substances to pure silicon greatly enhance its conductivity and makes possible the construction of electronic devices. This controlled addition of impurities is called ‘doping’. 1. doping pure silicon with phosphorus or arsenic (group 5 elements) these elements have 5 valence electrons, a few of the silicon atoms are replaced by P, As atoms — 1 electron is left over after the 4 bonds have been formed. The extra electron is free to conduct an electric current and the phosphorus-doped silicon becomes a conductor called n-type. B. doping with boron or aluminium (group 3 elements). By doping with an element having 3 valence electrons some of the silicon atoms are replaced by boron atoms, but because each boron has only 3 electrons, one of the four bonds to each boron atom has only 1 electron in it. We can think of this as a vacancy or hole in the bonding orbital. An electron from a neighbouring atom can move in to occupy this vacancy. As a result of this movement this type of conductor is called p-type. Superconductors 1. Superconductors are a special class of materials that have zero electrical resistance at temperatures near absolute zero. 2. Achieving temperatures near absolute zero is difficult and costly so application of superconduction at these temperatures is impractical. 3. Recently superconductors have been discovered which have zero resistance up to temperatures above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen- temperatures which are less costly to attain. 4. Superconductors may have a future applications in power transmission and electrically powered forms of transport. Chemistry revision notes. (2017, Aug 10).

Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Change Management - Essay Example Learning in an organization can be done using two approaches: Firstly, learning with regard to individuals within the organization. Here, efforts are directed towards increasing the employee’s capacity in terms of skill acquisition, knowledge and experiences to perform their individual tasks and responsibilities. Secondly, by creating a learning organization in which the collective state of the organization is continuously improved to achieve optimal objectives. The need for creating a learning organization arises from the fact that it is imperative not only for the firm to set its objectives and visions but that the whole membership of the organization should act in unison as opposed to individual brilliance (O Keeffe, 2002). The following discussion identifies the principles of learning followed by a subsequent analysis of the merits and demerits of introducing learning to an already established organization. In the first approach, the objective is to introduce transformative learning; one that surpasses the mere acquisition of knowledge and skills to one that provides the individual with the ability to think rationally for themselves, creating a high level in the ability of the person to emancipate themselves from â€Å"mob thinking† and as such think independently and consciously about any prevailing scenario. There are several tenets or principles of learning. A summary discussion on some of these principles is as follows: All human beings are born with an inherent ability to increase their capacity. They have the potential to think, do and feel. Acting by doing refers to the ability to interact with the external world while acting by thinking is the ability to engage one’s processes in the mind and soul. The potential to feel refers to one’s ability to interact and connect with other people, places and events. This forms the first and most important principle of learning. Secondly, human being

Report about this paper In Vitro Activities of Synthetic Host Defense Assignment

Report about this paper In Vitro Activities of Synthetic Host Defense Propeptides Processed by Neutrophil Elastase against Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens - Assignment Example The potential of HDPs as multifunctional effectors of innate immunity in higher organism provides the impetus and motivation for the progress in their research. The research paper being summarized in this report is In vitro activities of synthetic host defense propeptides processed by neutrophil elastase against cystic fibrosis pathogens authored by Stephen Desgranges, Florie Le Prieult, Alan Daly’ Jeniffer Lydon, Marian Brennan, Dilip K. Rai, Anusha P. Subasinghage, Chandralal M. Hewage, Sally-Ann Cryan, Catherine Greene, Noel G. McElvaney, Timothy P. Symth and Marc Devocelle. This paper was published in the journal Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy under the American society for microbiology on May 2011. The journal has an impact factor of 4.672, a respectable impact factor for any reputable journal. Publishing of the work was significant to shed light on light on activities of synthetic host defense propeptides firsthand and hinder other person/groups doing so first. The Desgranges et al have undertaken a study where they have reported the in vitro activities of synthetic host defense propeptides against cystic pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ­ [2]. This paper focuses on the effect of modifying the propeptide by reducing the net change on the antimicrobial and haemolytic activity. The aim of this work by Desgranges et al was to utilize the abnormal amounts of neutrophil elastase present in cystic fibrosis to process several synthetic prodrugs against common pathogens in cystic fibrosis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus [2]. Peptides are present in many living systems and are utilized by the innate immune systems to combat invading pathogens. Therefore this study aims at constructing a propeptide that will be able to evade the host immune system and also be a substrate for the all abundant neutrophil elastase present in cystic fibrosis lung. Since peptides

Family-based Care or Nursing Home Care in the Face of Dementia Essay

Family-based Care or Nursing Home Care in the Face of Dementia - Essay Example Dementia is a collective term used to refer to a range of diseases that involve the deterioration of cognitive function over time. For those suffering dementia, their quality of life can substantially decrease, and they quickly become dependent on others to help them with even their most basic needs. The prevalence of dementia increases dramatically with age, as a consequence the number of people suffering from dementia at a given time is likely to rise as our population in general ages. As a consequence of this, the government is increasingly interested in determining what method of care is of lower cost. In general, it is often assumed that it is cheaper to care for an individual through family-based care as opposed to caring through nursing facilities. However, this does not take into account costs that are incurred by family members in terms of finances or time. This is an important factor, as dementia patients frequently require full-time care, thus when dementia patients are being cared for through family-based care it is likely that at least one member of the family has reduced hours at work compared to under normal circumstances. When labor and costs are taken into account, studies have shown that for patients with severe levels of dependence it was more economically viable for them to be cared for through nursing home care than through family-based care. Thus, despite the financial costs of nursing home care, it is still equal in cost, or cheaper than family-based care. The financial cost is not the only consideration in regards to deciding the best type of care for those suffering dementia. Dementia is progressive and destroys mental function. When it is a family member or loved one that this is occurring to, the process can be very painful to watch and can cause feelings of helplessness and mental trauma. There are many reports of caregivers of dementia  patients suffering from severe depression as a consequence of watching the progression of the disease (Eisdorfer et al. 2003). As a consequence caring for an individual with dementia exerts significant mental pressure on those responsible.

HR Training Class Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR Training Class - Term Paper Example This is a serious consideration based on the current trend of decreasing sales. Customers are moving to new retail store departments to avoid our long and slow moving queues. The new employees will undergo training in product placement and arrangement within our outlet. This should be able to encourage placing common commodities at easily reachable spots while less demanded goods at distant yet strategic locations. This encourages the ease of shopping and time saving for our customers (Besharov & Cottingham 2011). The product knowledge gap is another factor and has been our undoing for some time. This was enhanced by the high staff turnover and we lost our best employees to the competitors. The new training will emphasize familiarity not only with our products/ services, but an emphasis will be laid upon our staff knowledge of mission, goals, objectives and vision. This will provide a sense of direction and responsibility in the workforce. Reducing the knowledge gap is necessary in e nsuring our employees assist customers in decision making at the store. Customer care would be nothing if we do not take advantage as an organization. The training intends to benefit from employees who are able to carry out opportunity sales thus encouraging customers to spend while increasing our sale turnover. The final consideration is in terms of conflict resolution. The training will equip our employees with the skills necessary in handling all manners of contentious issues related to customer experiences. Over the last year we have paid for damages and lawsuits in a variety of cases thus experienced a substantial reduction in our net income. We intend to control such negligent cases. The overall aim of the training is to enhance full dedication to work by the employees in an environment that supports, encourages and rewards their effort. During the training some interventions will be established to intensify the employees’ performance including effective team building,

Innocent Drinks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Innocent Drinks - Case Study Example The 250 ML smoothie packages were very popular with the customers since they could consume these while in store or on their way home. Therefore, the packaging strategy greatly contributed to the success of Innocent Drinks. The success of Innocent Drinks can be attributed to the approach it took in on writing messages about the products on its packages. These were often fun and they became an instant favourite with the customers which led to the creation of customer loyalty. The guerrilla tactics of marketing the products through different labels greatly contributed to the success of the organisation since the customers often associated it with fun and interesting things. Product positioning also contributed to the success of Innocent Drinks. The products were distributed through grocery stores, cafes and impulse retail stores and all these channels were convenient to the customers. The other factor that contributed to the success of Innocent Drinks is that the organisation later inco rporated traditional marketing to its guerrilla marketing through the use of advertising on subways as well as bus stations to attract more customers. b. Innocent Drinks should rather expand its geographical territory in Europe rather that USA. They should expand their geographic territory to Europe while extending their product line as well given that European market was strong.